Table of Contents

DESCRIPTION OF PARTS

1. Film Rewind Knob/Back Cover Lock Release Knob 2. Film Rewind Crank 3. Film Speed Dial (ASA/DIN) 4. Film Speed Lock Button 5. Hot Shoe/Flash Contact 6 Shutter Speed index Line 7. Shutter Speed Dial 8. Cable Release Socket 9. Shutter Release Button 10. Meter/Shutter" ON-OFF" Index Mark

11. Film Advance Lever 12. Battery Check Ring 13. Exposure Counter 14. Neck Strap Eyelet 15. Self-timer Lever 16. Depth of Field Preview Button 17. Lens Release Lever 18. Lens Locator Node. 19. Focusing Ring

38. Microprism-image Band   39. Split-image Spot 40. Exposure Meter Needle 41. Shutter Speed Indicator 42. Battery Power Check Mark C 43. Aperture Readout Window

We are most gratified that you have selected the XR-1 which we are sure will give you many delightful years of picture-taking pleasure. The XR- 1 is a 35 mm SLR camera which assures you of superb optics and outstanding mechanical performance and reliability and which will justify your choice for years to come.

Before Using Your XR-1 .....

Please read this instruction booklet carefully and familiarize yourself with the equipment and its features thoroughly. Your pleasure in using your XR-1 will be greater if you know your camera properly.

BATTERY LOADING

The built-in through-the-lens CdS exposure metering system of your XR-1 operates on power activated by two 1.5V G13 silver-oxide batteries, which are supplied together with your camera.   1. Remove Battery Compartment Cover (32) by unscrewing it counterclockwise with a coin (Fig. 1).

2. Place the two batteries into the compartment with the plus side down. as illustrated in the battery holder of Battery Compartment Cover (32) (Fig. 2). Make sure that the batteries are correctly placed. If incorrectly placed, Exposure Meter Needle (40) in the viewfinder will not move at all. 3. Replace Battery Compartment Cover (32) by screwing it clockwise until it stops but do not force.

Tips for Better Results

* Before loading, wipe off the surfaces of the batteries with a clean and dry cloth to ensure they are free of fingerprints or stains.

* When your camera is not used for a long period. remove the batteries and keep them in a cool. dry place.

The batteries will last for about one year in normal use. We suggest you replace them regularly once a year on your birthday or sooner.

* The batteries may explode if disposed of in fire.

BATTERY CHECK

Check the power of the silver-oxide batteries after loading them.

1. Turn Battery Check Ring (12) clockwise until it stops (Fig. 3). 2. If Exposure Meter Needle (40) in the viewfinder swings to Battery Power Check Mark "C" (42), the batteries have sufficient power (Fig. 4).

3. If Exposure Meter Needle (40) does not move or stays below Battery Power Check Mark "C" (42), the batteries must be replaced. For replacement, use Mallory MS76, Eveready S76 or equivalent.

Tips for Better Results

* Do not turn Battery Check Ring (12) often in order to avoid unnecessary consumption of the batteries.

FILM LOADING

Your XR-1 is designed to accept any standard 35 mm color or black and white film roll in cartridge (12, 20. 24 or 36 exposures).

1. First of all. press Shutter Release Button (9) to see that the shutter has been released. 2. Pull up Film Rewind Knob (1) until Back Cover (36) snaps open (Fig. 5). Then. pull it out all the way to allow for insertion of the film cartridge.

Swing open Back Cover (36) and place a film cartridge into Film Chamber (31) (Fig. 6).

4. Push down Film Rewind Knob (1) to its original position by turning Film Rewind Crank (2) clockwise or counterclockwise so that Film Rewind Shaft (30) engages the film cartridge and that the film cartridge is seated in place (Fig. 7).

5. Draw the film leader across the camera back and insert it into one of the slits of Film Take-up Spool (35) (Fig. 8). To bring the slit into a convenient position. rotate Film Take-up Spool (35) in the direction of arrow with your finger.

6. Rotate Film Take-up Spool (35) by advancing Film Advance Lever ( 1 1 ) to take up any slack in the film and check to see that the film tip is firmly hooked onto Film Take-up Spool (35) (Fig. 9) and that sprocket holes on the film are fully engaged on Sprocket Teeth (24) (Fig. 10). 7. Close and press Back Cover (36) firmly until it snaps shut.

8. Advance Film Advance Lever ( 11 ) two or three times. after depressing Shutter Release Button (9) each time. until the number 1 is opposite the index line in Exposure Counter (1,3)  (Fig. 11), because the first portions of the film can not be used for picture taking as they have already been exposed to light and two or three blank exposures should be made before taking your first picture. Now it is ready for your first picture.

* Always load your camera in the shade or in a poorly-lit place, never in direct sunlight or other bright light.

* As you advance Film Advance Lever (11), Film Rewind Knob (1 ) will simultaneously rotate counterclockwise indicating that the film is properly advanced.

SETTING FILM SPEED

Each type of film, color or black and white. has its own sensitivity to light. This sensitivity is assigned by a numerical value described as an ASA rating (U.S.A. Standard) or a DIN rating (Europe and most other countries). In most cases. both ASA and DIN ratings are imprinted on the film package. as well as the data sheet packed with the film and the film cartridge itself. The higher the film speed rating. the more sensitive the film is to light; that is. less light is required for a proper exposure. The film speed. therefore. is an important element in insuring that the through-the-lens metering system of your camera determines the correct shutter speed and f-stop combinations for a given lighting situation.

1. Depress Film Speed Lock Button (4) (Fig. 12) and rotate the outer ring of Film Speed Dial (3) until the ASA (or DIN) number of your film is exactly opposite the index line on the outer ring of Film Speed Dial (3) and click stops.

For example. if the film is ASA 100, make the correct setting at "100" (Fig. 13). 2. Take your finger off Film Speed Lock Button (4) to lock the film speed setting in the camera.

Tips for Better Results

* Each time a film with a new film speed rating is loaded in your camera. the film speed must be set to assure accurately exposed photographs.

METER/SHUTTER "ON-OFF" CONTROL

Film Advance Lever (11) controls exposure meter "ON-OFF'' and shutter release "LOCK-UNLOCK" to protect your camera from unnecessary depletion of the batteries and accidental shutter release when not taking pictures. 40°pre-advance and 135°advance angle assures faster winding and permits continuous operation for sequence photography.

1. When Film Advance Lever (11) is moved to "ON" position (Fig. 14), the electric circuit is switched on and Shutter Release Button (9) is unlocked.

2. Whenever picture-taking is completed. be sure to move Film Advance Lever (11) to "OFF'' position (Fig. 15). The electric circuit is switched off and Shutter Release Button (9) is locked.

Tips for Better Results

* To prevent unnecessary consumption of the batteries, be sure to move Film Advance Lever ( 11 ) to ''OFF'' position when not taking pictures.

CORRECT EXPOSURE

Your XR-1 has a built-in through-the-lens full aperture CdS exposure meter which measures the light coming through the lens and enables you to set the proper exposure for a given lighting condition. The correct exposure is obtained by setting the shutter speed and f-stop in the correct combination for the film. subject and lighting conditions.

1. Set the desired shutter speed opposite Shutter Speed Index Line (6) by rotating Shutter Speed Dial (7) (Fig. 16). (Read ''SETTING THE SHUTTER''). Shutter Speed Indicator (41) in the viewfinder indicates the shutter speed you just set.

2. Move Film Advance Lever (11) to ''ON'' position (Fig. 14)

3. Hold your camera. look at your subject through the Viewfinder Eyepiece (27) and check Exposure Meter Needle (40).

4. Rotate F-Stop (lens opening) Ring (22) and align Exposure Meter Needle (40) with Shutter Speed Indicator (41 ) (Fig. 17). F-stop is visible through Aperture Readout Window (43).

If Exposure Meter Needle (40) goes above Shutter Speed Indicator (41), this means "overexposure"'' (Fig. 18); select a faster shutter speed or a smaller lens opening. On the contrary. If the needle goes below Shutter Speed Indicator (41). this means ''underexposure'' (Fig. 19); choose a slower shutter speed or a larger lens opening.

If you want to use a specific f-stop for depth of field control. you may set the f-stop first and then the shutter speed. while other procedures are the same as above.

This setting may be used when you take a portrait or the like, intentionally making your subject attractive with the background or the scene in front of it blurred. How your subject turns out in the picture depends on the f-stop setting. (Refer to ''DEPTH OF FIELD''). The chart (Fig. 20) shows the exposure value range (shutter speed and f-stop combinations) of your camera's metering system for selected film speeds.
 
 

Exposure Compensation

Though you learned how correct exposure is obtained, in unusual lighting conditions, the desired effect or the correct exposure will not be obtained in the final picture and exposure compensation is necessary.

Back-lit subjects

When the light is behind the subjects,

1. Move close to the subject for meter reading, then. move back. focus and shoot.

2. If it is impossible to approach the subject, adjust either shutter speed or lens opening to overexpose. When you adjust the lens opening, open up the aperture by 1 or 2 stops.

Spot-lighted subjects and dark backgrounds

1. Move close to the subject for meter reading, then. move back. focus and shoot.

2. If it is impossible to approach the subject, adjust either shutter speed or lens opening to underexpose. When you adjust the lens opening. close down the aperture by 1 or 2 stops.

Tips for Better Results

* When the Shutter Speed Dial (7) is set at ''B'' (Bulb). set the desired f-stop and expose manually because metering with the built-in exposure meter is not possible.

* Do not make an exposure setting by pressing Depth of Field Preview Button (16) or turning Battery Check Ring (12) because these will incorrectly influence the meter's reading.

* Outside of the meter's coupling range, the exposure meter will not respond correctly. For example, coupling range for ASA 100 film is from 1/4 sec. at f/1.4 to 1/1000 sec. at f/16 (EV3 - 18) (Fig. 20). If the light is too dim, use supplementary lighting.

SETTING SHUTTER SPEED

The shutter controls the length of time the light is allowed to strike the film. The speed at which the shutter opens and closes is measured in fractions of a second that correspond to the numbers on Shutter Speed Dial (7). For example.''1000" is 1/1000 sec., "125" is 1/125 sec., ''4" is 1/4 sec., "1'' is one full second and so on.

* Simply turn Shutter Speed Dial (7) until the desired shutter speed is set opposite Shutter Speed Index Line (6) (Fig. 16).

Generally speaking. when shooting outdoors in bright or hazy sunlight. "125'' (1/125 sec.) is suitable for most pictures. When taking your subjects in motion. "250" (1/250 sec.) to "1000" (1/1000 sec.) should be used .... Faster speeds will "freeze" extremely fast moving subjects (sports, racing cars. etc.). When indoors in a well-lit room, "60" (1/60 sec.) should be sufficient to take your subjects. depending upon the film you are using. When in poorly-lit places, or to achieve the maximum depth of field, "30" (1/30 sec.) to "1" (1 sec.) are available. When set at "B", the shutter will remain open as long as Shutter Release Button (9) is depressed (preferably by a cable release). The "B'' setting is used for long night exposures using street lights or electric signs as a light source, or under poor lighting conditions when flash cannot be used.

Tips for Better Results

* When using slow speeds (below 1/30 sec.). use a tripod or other firm support to prevent the movement of the camera and blurred pictures. In shooting with a telephoto lens, be careful to minimize the camera shake especially.

* Do not set Shutter Speed Dial (7) between marked speeds. but at a click stop in accordance with indicated speeds only.

* Shutter Speed Dial (7) does not revolve between "1000" and "B".

SETTING APERTURE

The lens opening determines the amount of light entering the lens and exposing the film. The smaller the f-stop (f/2.0. f/2.8 etc.). the wider the lens opening and the greater the amount of light entering the lens. The larger the f-stop (f/16, f/1 1, etc.). the smaller the lens opening and the smaller the amount of light entering the lens. As the lens opening is moved from f/16 to f/11. the amount of light entering the lens is doubled. As the lens opening is moved from f/2.0 to f/2.8. the amount of entering light is cut in half (Fig. 21).

* Rotate F-Stop Ring (22) until the desired f-stop is opposite the aperture index line (Fig. 22). Click stops are provided to prevent accidental movement from the setting made.

Tips for Better Results

* If necessary you may set F-Stop Ring (22) between two f-stops.

VIEWING AND FOCUSING

Since you are viewing through the lens. there is no parallax problem What you are viewing in the viewfinder will exactly appear in your picture. This enables you to determine the exact composition of your subjects before pressing Shutter Release Button (9).

Even when you shoot close-ups. there is no danger of accidentally cutting off a portion of your picture. To assure the sharpest possible pictures your XR-1 has a three way focusing screen with diagonal Split-image Spot (39) Microprism-image Band (38) and Fresnel field and you can select three way focusing according to your subject.

1. Look into Viewfinder Eyepiece (27) to compose your picture.

2. Split-image Focusing ... is helpful for the subject with either vertical or horizontal lines.
Rotate Focusing Ring (19) until the split image in Split-image Spot (39) forms a single image. When it is out of focus. your subject is split into two parts (Fig. 23).

Rotate Focusing Ring (19) until the image in Microprism-image Band (38) appears sharp (Fig. 23). 4. You can also focus with any part of the area surrounding Microprism-image Band (38). This is most useful when taking pictures with ultra telephoto lenses or in close-up photography with bellows unit. macro lenses or extension rings because the other focusing aids may darken appreciably.

UNLOADING FILM

After the last picture on the roll of film has been taken. rewind the film and unload your camera. 1. Press Film Rewind Release Button (34) (Fig. 24). 2. Lift up Film Rewind Crank (2) and turn it clockwise until Film Rewind Release Button (34) stops revolving and you feel the film tension released (Fig. 25). This indicates that the film has been completely rewound into the cartridge.

3.  Open Back Cover (36) by pulling up Film Rewind Knob (1). 4.  Remove the film cartridge and have the film processed as soon as possible.

* Always unload your camera in the shade or in a poorly-lit place. never in direct sunlight or other bright light.

* When you reach the end of the roll of film, Film Advance Lever (11) will tighten and refuse to advance. If this happens. do not advance Film Advance Lever (11) by force for "Just one more shot". otherwise the film will be torn out of the cartridge.

* Film Rewind Release Button (34) will remain in place once it is pressed, and return automatically to its original position when Film Advance Lever (11) is advanced.

MULTI-EXPOSURE

Your XR-1 has a multi-exposure device which will give you a lot of creative fun (Fig. 26). 1. Make the first picture in the normal way.

2. For the second exposure. advance Film Advance Lever ( 1 1 ) while keep pressing Multi-exposure Button (25) firmly with the other hand (Fig. 27). This will set the shutter for the second exposure without advancing the film and Exposure Counter (13).

Tips for Better Results

* Good results in multi-exposure depend on careful shutter speed and lens opening setting. This means. in order to prevent overexposure of the final picture. we suggest that the first picture should be underexposed by adjusting either shutter speed or lens opening.

* If you want, repeat the same action for the third exposure or afterwards.

* Whenever advancing the Film Advance Lever (11 ) for second exposure or afterwards. make sure that the Multi-exposure Button (25) is pressed firmly with the other hand and watch to see that Exposure Counter (13) is not advanced. indicating that multi-exposure picture is ready to be taken.

Take practice shots to get yourself accustomed to the multi-exposure technique and take creative pictures of your own.

TAKING FLASH PICTURES

You can use a flash at night or in a dimly lit room as well as for supplementary lighting in outdoor photography. The camera and electronic flash will be fully synchronized with the shutter speed at "B'' and 1 sec. to 1/125 sec.

A. Cordless Electronic Flash Unit

If you are using an electronic flash unit with a built-in hot shoe contact. it can be attached directly to Hot Shoe (5) on top of the camera pentaprism.

B. Flash Equipment with Connecting Cord

If your flash unit does not have a built-in hot shoe contact. attach it to Hot Shoe (5) and plug the flash cord into the X" Flash Terminal (29).

Tips for Better Results * 125 (1/125 sec.) on Shutter Speed Dial (7) and "X on Hot Shoe (5) are marked in red as a reminder for electronic flash synchronization (Fig. 28). * When using PF M or MF class bulb. refer to the Chart (Fig. 29), showing the synchronizing ranges of shutter speeds. (Mike: Not used anymore dudes)

C. Exposure for Flash Photography

The exposure is determined by the guide number of the flash bulb or electronic flash unit. The guide number represents a relationship between the light output of the flash and the speed of the film. Guide numbers for flash bulbs can be found on the package and guide numbers for electronic flash units are found in the technical specifications. Using the guide number. you can determine the correct f-stop for a given flash situation using the following formula:

F-stop = Guide number divided by Flash-to-subject distance.

For example. if your flash unit has a guide number of 16(m) or 52.8 (ft.) for the type of film you are using and your subject is 2 meters (6.6 ft.) from the flash unit as indicated on Distance Scale (20) after focusing divide 16 (52.8) by 2 (6.6). The answer is 8; therefore. set F-Stop Ring (22) to 8 (f/8).

Tips for Better Results

* If you are using an auto electronic flash unit with power ratio control, follow the instruction sheets packed with the flash unit.

* Most electronic flash units have a built-in dial or exposure table which enables you to quickly compute F-stops based on flash-to subject distances.

USING SELF-TIMER

Your XR-1 has a built-in Self-timer which delays the shutter release about maximum of 10 seconds. This enables you to include yourself in your own pictures and is also of benefit in taking close-ups or photomicrographs where camera movement must be avoided.   1. First. advance Film Advance Lever (11). 2. Merely move Self-timer Lever (15) counterclockwise (Fig. 30).  According to the degree you have moved it down. you can adjust the operating time. For the maximum delay, move it until it stops. 3. Press Shutter Release Button (9) to start the self-timer moving.

Tips for Better Results

* You can set Self-timer Lever (15) firstly and then advance Film Advance Lever (11).

* The Self-timer Lever (15) can be returned to its original position aver setting the lever, however. be careful that the self-timer mechanism will not be disengaged.

* The camera should be placed on a tripod or other sturdy support when using self-timer.

* When using a tripod with a long thread length (more than 5.7 mm). be careful not to forcibly screw in the thread further than the depth of the socket.

CHANGING LENSES

To mount the lens on the camera   1. Mount the lens by lining up the red dot on the lens mount with the matching dot on the camera mount (Fig. 31). 2. Grasp the lens firmly around the lens barrel and turn it clockwise until it clicks into place.

To remove the lens from the camera

1. Grasp the lens firmly around the lens barrel in one hand. 2. With the other hand. hold the camera body and press Lens Release Lever (17) and turn the lens counterclockwise until it stops (Fig. 32). The lens now can be removed.

 You can also change lenses easily without looking even in the dark by means of Lens Locator Node (18). Line up Lens Locator Node (18) with Lens Release Lever (17) and turn the lens clockwise for mounting the lens. For removing the lens. press Lens Release Lever (17) and turn the lens counterclockwise until Lens Locator Node (18) and Lens Release Lever (17) line up.

Tips for Better Results

* Whenever a lens is mounted on the camera. make sure that the lens is perfectly mounted.

* Do not touch any of the internal parts or permit dust or dirt to enter the camera body when removing or attaching lenses.

* Protect the inside of the camera by putting on the body cap whenever the camera is carried or kept with the lens removed.
 

DEPTH OF FIELD

When you focus on a specific subject. an area in front of and behind the subject will appear acceptably sharp in your picture.

This area of acceptable sharpness is called "Depth of Field". The depth of field is determined by the f-stop you select and the distance from the in-focus subject to the film plane. As you get closer to your subject, or as you open your lens (for example. from f/16 to f/2.8), the depth of field becomes shallower. By stopping the lens down (for example. from f/2.8 to f/16). the depth of field becomes deeper. The depth of field can be pre-determined in the following ways:

A. Depth of Field Preview Button

Pressing Depth of Field Preview Button (16) (Fig. 33) will set the lens at the corresponding opening you previously set on F-Stop Ring (22). This will enables you to preview the area of acceptable sharpness in the picture you take. The viewfinder will become dark corresponding to the f-stop you previously set on F-Stop Ring (22). Depth of Field Preview Button (16) will automatically return to its original position when you release it and the viewfinder will become as bright as before.

B. Depth of Field Scale

After you have set the lens opening and have focused the camera. the area of acceptable sharpness in front of and behind your subject can be also determined on Depth of Field Scale (21).

Locate on Depth of Field Scale (21 ) the two numbers corresponding to the f-stop you have set on F-Stop Ring (22). The distance between these two F stops on Distance Scale (20) will be an area of acceptable sharpness in your picture. For example. if your lens is focused at 3 meters (10 h.) and you shoot at 8 (f/8), the area of acceptable sharpness will be from 2.2m (7.3 I.) to 5m (16.5 I.), by reading Distance Scale (20) opposite the both sides of the "8" numbers on Depth of Field Scale (21) (Fig. 34).

Tips for Better Results

* Do not depress the Shutter Release Button (9) when depressing Depth of Field Preview Button (16).

INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY

For infrared photography using infrared films. a correction of Distance Scale (20) is necessary because "infrared light rays" focus on a film plane slightly behind that of "visible light rays".

1. Normally focus on your subject and note the camera-to-subject distance opposite the distance index line on Distance Scale (20). 2. Turn Focusing Ring (19) until this camera-to-subject distance setting is opposite the infrared index line. For example. if Distance Scale (20) reads 5m (16.5 ft.) after focusing. merely shift the ''5" (16) scale to the "a" (red) position (Fig. 35).

 
Tips for Better Results

* Infrared radiation varies with the degree of infrared light rays in the atmosphere.

* For exposure. follow the instruction sheets which are packed with the film.

INTERCHANGEABLE LENSES AND ACCESSORIES

A wide range of XR RIKENON interchangeable lenses including extremely wide angle lenses. telephoto lenses, zoom lenses and various accessories are available to enable you to expand the pleasure of your picture-taking. XR RIKENON interchangeable lenses and accessories are made of selected high quality materials under strict quality control to assure you of high performance and full satisfaction. Select XR R1 KENON interchangeable lenses and accessories that will meet your needs.

Since the camera is designed to accept any lens with the "K" type bayonet mount, your XR-1 affords you the opportunity to select any interchangeable lens or accessory of the "K'' type bayonet mount available on the market.

PROPER CARE OF YOUR CAMERA

* Always carry your camera with its carrying case and neck strap.

* Use the lens cap to protect the lens when not taking pictures.

* Protect your camera from dust, dirt, water, rain, dampness, salt air and rough handling.

* Never expose your camera to excessively high or low temperatures for an extended period of time. In extremely hot climates, do not leave your camera inside closed automobiles during the daytime or in direct sunlight. In extremely cold climates, expose your camera to the outer air only when in use.   When using, expose your camera gradually to the outer air to prevent the lens from clouding.

If exposed to an extremely cold climate, the exposure meter batteries may fail to operate properly. Keep your camera inside your clothing until taking a picture.

* Never touch the surfaces of the lens, metal focal plane shutter curtain. reflex mirror, etc. with your fingers.

* To clean the lens, gently wipe it in a circular motion with a lens cleaning paper or a soft, clean and lintless cloth.

* Do not wipe the camera body with chemicals. such as benzine. thinner, etc. use only soft cloth or cotton swab sprinkled LIGHTLY with alcohol on the camera body. Do not use them on

* When your camera is not in use for an extended period of time, put the lens cap, remove the batteries, place your camera in its carrying case together with silica gel or other desiccant and store it in a dry and cool place.  Never store your camera in places where the temperatures are excessively high or low or become humid.

* Do not attempt to disassemble or repair your camera yourself. If service is necessary, get in touch with your dealer or authorized Ricoh service station.

MAJOR SPECIFICATIONS OF XR-1

Camera Type:

        35 mm SLR with metal focal plane shutter.

Film Format:

        35 mm perforated film in 12. 20, 24 or 36 exposures.

Standard Lenses: